First-trimester prenatal diagnosis in twin pregnancies

Two twin pregnancies at risk for a sex-linked disorder are described. Both pregnancies were dichorionic. Transabdominal sampling was chosen for prenatal diagnosis. Molecular genetic techniques raised suspicion with regard to the accuracy of the samples in one case. Second-trimester amniocentesis confirmed the error. Selective feticide of the affected fetus was performed. When first-trimester prenatal diagnosis is offered in dichorionic twin pregnancies, confirmation through molecular genetic testing can confirm that villi have been obtained from different fetuses. All parties must be aware that additional invasive diagnostic procedures in the second trimester may be required in cases of doubt.     

沙尘天气对呼吸系统疾病日入院人数影响的时间序列研究(1995～2003年)

为了探讨沙尘天气,特别是沙尘暴对人群呼吸系统健康的影响,对过去9年(1995～2003)沙尘暴高发地区甘肃省武威市的6所大中型医院沙尘天气高发季节(3月1日～5月31日)每日呼吸系统疾病入院人数进行了调查.采用半参数广义相加模型(Semi-parametric generalized additivemodel,GAM),在控制了长期趋势、日历效应(calendar effect)以及气象因子等混杂因素后,考虑到具体年份的差异,分别对每年建立GAM回归模型(滞后7d)并进行分析.然后应用Meta-分析方法的固定效应模型对各年GAM分析结果(即相对危险度RR)进行效应量合并,计算合并效应量(RR ),以此表示沙尘天气对呼吸系统疾病日入院人数的综合影响.结果表明:(1)对于沙尘暴的影响,各年呼吸系统疾病日入院相对危险度(RR)合并效应量(RR )随沙尘暴滞后天数的不同而不同,且在滞后3、4、5 d时每天的RR 均有统计学意义,其RR 分别为1.40(95%CI为1.06～1.86)、1.34(95%CI为1.01～1.77)、1.73(95%CI为1.35～2.23);(2)扬沙天气在其滞后第6天RR 有统计学意义(RR 为1.14(95%CI为1.01～1.30);(3)浮尘天气与扬沙天气类似,也在其滞后第6天RR 有统计学意义,其RR 为1.12(95%CI为1.00～1.25).(4)沙尘天气对人群健康的影响,可根据滞后不同天的RR 值变化,分为滞后早期效应、滞后中期效应和滞后后期效应三类;(5)沙尘天气引发和加重的呼吸系统疾病主要为各种肺炎、上呼吸道感染和感冒以及急、慢性支气管炎.这些结果表明,呼吸系统日入院人数沙尘天气,特别是沙尘暴与有关联系,且均表现为滞后效应,而且沙尘暴的影响强度大于扬沙天气或浮尘天气的影响.     

广东省若干典型地方病环境地球化学病因分析

广东省是我国地方病高发省份。鼻咽癌发病率位居全国之首,肝癌发病率也大大高于全国平均水平,仅次于江苏和广西两省;地氟病也有着较广泛分布。前人尤其是流行病学工作者对广东省地方病开展了许多的医学研究,取得了一定的成果,但从环境地球化学的角度进行探讨相对不足,随着研究的深入,科学家发现地方病的发生与当地环境地球化学因素存在密切的关系,文章主要针对广东省存在的典型地方病与环境地球化学背景的关系进行探讨和研究,以期从环境地球化学角度为广东省地方病的防治工作提出新的思路。     

抚顺城区大气悬浮颗粒物污染与呼吸系统疾病死亡率相关性的定量分析

为了定量分析大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)对居民呼吸系统疾病死亡率的影响,采用单因素泊松(Poisson)回归分析法,研究了辽宁省抚顺市城区TSP浓度变化与市区1999～2003年呼吸系统疾病死亡率的相关关系.结果发现,在消除了时间、气象等因素影响后,滞后4日TSP浓度每增加50μg·m-3,呼吸系统疾病总人群组死亡率相对危险度(OR)增加1.02195(95%CI=1.00195～1.04245),即滞后4日TSP浓度变化造成总人群组呼吸系统疾病死亡率明显增加的超额死亡率为2.195%.抚顺城区大气TSP污染可能是市区居民呼吸系统疾病死亡率增加的原因之一.     

中国“硒与健康”数据库应用研究

由“硒与健康”数据库数据研究表明,中国26个省市人发含量量均值与长寿水平间存在着大致线性关系,相关系数达到0.71。135种常用食品含硒量与品种有关,鱼肉禽蛋>油料>豆类>粮食>蔬菜>水果。对克山病、大骨节病病区与非病区环境硒样品数据模式识别处理表明。环境硒水平不足是患病的根本原因之一,而主食大米与否不是本质原因。     

Odontological characteristics of European brown bears from the Central Forest Biosphere Nature Reserve

Forty-five skulls of European brown bears from the Central Forest Nature Reserve and adjacent regions were examined in detail. The frequencies of oligodonty, dental caries, parodontosis, and traumatized teeth were estimated. A total of 12 variants of the tooth formula were described. The sample under study was distinguished from the populations examined previously by the lowest frequency of oligodonty. Dental caries in one or several teeth, caused by mechanical damage or malocclusion, occurred in 14% of animals. Strong wear marks on the canines caused by feeding on oats frequently resulted in broken canines in bears of the senior age groups.     

园林工人割灌作业职业性肌肉骨骼疾患的工效学研究

职业性肌肉骨骼疾患是园林工人的常见职业病,严重影响园林工人的工作效率和身体健康。对18名从事园林割灌作业的工人通过NMQ北欧肌肉骨骼系统问卷调查表进行调查,统计得出园林割灌作业的下背痛患病率约在60%左右,从事割灌整枝作业工人下背痛患病率为25%,从事割草作业下背痛患病率达444%,割草作业的下背痛患病率明显高于割灌整枝操作者。应用SPSS190软件进行下背痛的危害因子分析,得出下背痛的发生主要与重复动作、工龄、日提举负荷等有关。     

Bacteriological quality assessment of drinking water available at the flood affected areas of Peshawar

Monsoon flooding occurred in the main areas of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Balochistan as well as parts of Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan and Azad Jammu Kashmir in July 2010. Water-borne diseases such as cholera, enteric fever, and dysentery were common among the inhabitants of flood-affected areas which were selected for sample collection. In the present study, 10 sites in District Peshawar were selected and drinking water samples collected. These samples were analyzed for the total plate count (TPC), total coliform bacteria (TCB), total fecal coliform bacteria (TFCB), Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), Vibrio cholerae (VB), Salmonella Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus. The TPC ranged from 8 × 10¹ to 7 × 10⁴ CFU/ml. The TCB ranged from <1.1 to 280 MPN/100 ml. Twenty percent of the samples were contaminated with TFCB, EC, Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus, while only one sample contaminated with PA. Forty percent of the samples were contaminated with VB. The surface and well water was greatly contaminated by flooding and major improvements on priority basis are essential.     

煤矿工人常见的呼吸系统疾病及防护

文章介绍了煤矿工人常见的呼吸系统疾病,并从加强职业安全卫生监督、改革工艺、宣传教育、定期体检等多个方面提出了干预措施,为今后保障煤炭工人的健康提出科学依据。